When was Mahatma Ghandi born?

born: 2 october 1869porbandar, british india
died :30 january 1948 (age 78)new delhi, india
cause of death: assassinated
nationality: indian
other names: mahatma gandhi
education university college: london
known for: indian independence movement
political party: indian national congress
religious beliefs :hinduism
spouse: kasturba gandhi
children: harilal,manilal,ramdas,devdas

mohandas karamchand gandhi (gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી, mohandās karamchand gā̃dhī?; ipa: [moɦənd̪äs kərəmtʃənd̪ gä̃d̪ʱi]) (2 october 1869–30 january 1948), known mahatma gandhi, major political , spiritual leader of india , indian independence movement. pioneer of satyagraha—a philosophy largely concerned truth , 'resistance evil through active, non-violent resistance'—which led india independence , inspired movements civil rights , freedom across world. gandhi commonly known in india , across world mahatma (sanskrit: महात्मा mahātmā — "great soul" - epithet given tagore) , bapu (gujarati: બાપુ bāpu—"father"). in india, officially accorded honour of father of nation. 2 october, birthday, commemorated each year gandhi jayanti, national holiday. on 15 june 2007, united nations general assembly unanimously adopted resolution declaring 2 october "international day of non-violence."[1][2]

gandhi first employed peaceful civil disobedience in indian community's struggle civil rights in south africa. upon return india africa, organized poor farmers , labourers protest against oppressive taxation , widespread discrimination. assuming leadership of indian national congress, gandhi led nationwide campaigns alleviation of poverty, liberation of women, brotherhood amongst different religious , ethnic groups, end untouchability , caste discrimination, , economic self-sufficiency of nation, above swaraj—the independence of india foreign domination. gandhi famously led nation in disobedience of british salt tax imposed in india 400 kilometre (250 miles) dandi salt march in 1930, , in open call british quit india in 1942. imprisoned many years on numerous occasions in both south africa , india.

gandhi practiced , advocated non-violence , truth in situations. lived simply, organizing ashram self-sufficient in needs. making own clothes—the traditional indian dhoti , shawl, woven hand spun yarn spun on charkha—he lived on simple vegetarian and, later, fruitarian diet. underwent long (at times on month) fasts, both self-purification , protest.

contents [show]
1 life
2 civil rights movement in south africa (1893–1914)
3 role in zulu war of 1906
4 struggle indian independence (1916–1945)
4.1 champaran , kheda
5 non-cooperation
6 swaraj , salt satyagraha (salt march)
7 world war ii , quit india
8 freedom , partition of india
9 assassination
10 gandhi's principles
10.1 truth
10.2 nonviolence
10.3 vegetarianism
10.4 brahmacharya
10.5 simplicity
10.6 faith
11 writings
11.1 books on gandhi
12 followers , influence
13 legacy
14 ideals , criticisms
14.1 concept of partition
14.2 rejection of violent resistance
14.3 south african articles
15 see
16 notes
16.1 further reading
17 external links



life

young mohandasmohandas karamchand gandhi[3] born hindu modh family in porbandar, on october 2, 1869. son of karamchand gandhi, diwan (prime minister) of porbandar, , putlibai, karamchand's fourth wife, hindu of pranami vaishnava order. karamchand's first 2 wives, each bore him daughter, died unknown reasons (rumored in childbirth). living devout mother , surrounded jain influences of gujarat, gandhi learned age tenets of non-injury living beings, vegetarianism, fasting self-purification, , mutual tolerance between members of various creeds , sects. born vaishya, or business, caste.

in may 1883, @ age of 13, gandhi married through parents' arrangements kasturba makhanji (also spelled "kasturbai" or known "ba"). had 5 children, first of whom died in infancy; harilal gandhi, born in 1888; manilal gandhi, born in 1892; ramdas gandhi, born in 1897; , devdas gandhi, born in 1900. gandhi mediocre student in youth @ porbandar , later rajkot. barely passed matriculation exam samaldas college @ bhavnagar, gujarat. unhappy @ college, because family wanted him become barrister.


gandhi , wife kasturba (1902)at age of 18 on 4 september 1888, gandhi went university college london study law , train barrister. time in london, imperial capital, influenced vow had made mother in presence of jain monk becharji, upon leaving india, observe hindu precepts of abstinence meat, alcohol, , promiscuity. although gandhi experimented adopting "english" customs—taking dancing lessons example—he not stomach landlady's mutton , cabbage. pointed him towards 1 of london's few vegetarian restaurants. rather go along mother's wishes, read about, , intellectually embraced vegetarianism. joined vegetarian society, elected executive committee, , founded local chapter. later credited giving him valuable experience in organizing institutions. of vegetarians met members of theosophical society, had been founded in 1875 further universal brotherhood, , devoted study of buddhist , hindu literature. encouraged gandhi read bhagavad gita. not having shown particular interest in religion before, read works of , hinduism, christianity, buddhism, islam , other religions. returned india after being called bar of england , wales inner temple, had limited success establishing law practice in bombay. later, after applying , being turned down part-time job high school teacher, ended returning rajkot make modest living drafting petitions litigants, forced close down business when ran afoul of british officer. in autobiography, describes incident kind of unsuccessful lobbying attempt on behalf of older brother. in climate (in 1893) accepted year-long contract indian firm post in natal, south africa, part of british empire.

gandhi returned london in 1895, when happened meet colonial secretary joseph chamberlain, radical-turned-ultra-tory, son neville chamberlain become english prime minister , suppress gandhi in 1930s. chamberlain snr. agreed treatment of indians barbaric appeared unwilling push through legislation however.


civil rights movement in south africa (1893–1914)
main article: gandhi's work in south africa

gandhi in south africa (1895)
sergeant major m. k. gandhi, british armed forces south africa (1906)in south africa, gandhi faced discrimination directed @ indians. initially, thrown off train @ pietermaritzburg, after refusing move first class third class coach while holding valid first class ticket. traveling further on stagecoach, beaten driver refusing travel on foot board make room european passenger. suffered other hardships on journey well, including being barred many hotels. in of many similar events, magistrate of durban court ordered him remove turban, gandhi refused. these incidents have been acknowledged turning point in life, serving awakening contemporary social injustice , helping explain subsequent social activism. through witnessing firsthand racism, prejudice , injustice against indians in south africa gandhi started question people's status within british empire, , own place in society.

gandhi extended original period of stay in south africa assist indians in opposing bill deny them right vote. though unable halt bill's passage, campaign successful in drawing attention grievances of indians in south africa. founded natal indian congress in 1894, , through organization, molded indian community of south africa homogeneous political force. in january 1897, when gandhi returned brief trip india, white mob attacked , tried lynch him. in indication of personal values shape later campaigns, refused press charges against member of mob, stating 1 of principles not seek redress personal wrong in court of law.

in 1906, transvaal government promulgated new act compelling registration of colony's indian population. @ mass protest meeting held in johannesburg on september 11 year, gandhi adopted still evolving methodology of satyagraha (devotion truth), or non-violent protest, first time, calling on fellow indians defy new law , suffer punishments doing so, rather resist through violent means. plan adopted, leading seven-year struggle in tho

also when did pass?

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